‘America’s generals have repeated the mistakes of Vietnam in Iraq’

As the war in Iraq has unfolded, the word of U.S. generals has become almost sacrosanct. Discredited and dishonest civilian leaders such as Bush, Cheney, and Rumsfeld are now practically synonymous with “failure,” but generals have consistently managed to avoid criticism. Indeed, political leaders in the White House are often criticized for not paying the generals greater heed.

But there’s an open secret just below the surface. Lt. Col. Paul Yingling has put his career on the line to highlight the divisions between mid-career officers and the top brass. Put simply, Yingling sees the generals as guilty of “intellectual and moral failures.” (thanks to D.D. and C.H. for the tip)

An active-duty Army officer is publishing a blistering attack on U.S. generals, saying they have botched the war in Iraq and misled Congress about the situation there.

“America’s generals have repeated the mistakes of Vietnam in Iraq,” charges Lt. Col. Paul Yingling, an Iraq veteran who is deputy commander of the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment. “The intellectual and moral failures . . . constitute a crisis in American generals.”

Yingling’s comments are especially striking because his unit’s performance in securing the northwestern Iraqi city of Tall Afar was cited by President Bush in a March 2006 speech and provided the model for the new security plan underway in Baghdad.

He also holds a high profile for a lieutenant colonel: He attended the Army’s elite School for Advanced Military Studies and has written for one of the Army’s top professional journals, Military Review.

In “General Failure,” Yingling doesn’t hold back. In private, as Thomas Ricks noted, majors and lieutenant colonels will privately complain about top commanders in the war, including Gen. Tommy R. Franks, Lt. Gen. Raymond T. Odierno, and Lt. Gen. Ricardo S. Sanchez, accusing them of making the same myopic mistakes Bush and Cheney have made (slow to accept reality, overly optimistic, etc.).

But Yingling is attaching his name to a sweeping criticism of a system problem. He was particularly poignant in describing what he sees as “moral failures,” that compound the strategic ones.

While the physical courage of America’s generals is not in doubt, there is less certainty regarding their moral courage. In almost surreal language, professional military men blame their recent lack of candor on the intimidating management style of their civilian masters. Now that the public is immediately concerned with the crisis in Iraq, some of our generals are finding their voices. They may have waited too long.

The system that produces our generals does little to reward creativity and moral courage. Officers rise to flag rank by following remarkably similar career patterns. Senior generals, both active and retired, are the most important figures in determining an officer’s potential for flag rank. The views of subordinates and peers play no role in an officer’s advancement; to move up he must only please his superiors. In a system in which senior officers select for promotion those like themselves, there are powerful incentives for conformity.

He also holds them largely responsible for failures in Iraq.

After failing to visualize the conditions of combat in Iraq, America’s generals failed to adapt to the demands of counterinsurgency….After going into Iraq with too few troops and no coherent plan for postwar stabilization, America’s general officer corps did not accurately portray the intensity of the insurgency to the American public….The intellectual and moral failures common to America’s general officer corps in Vietnam and Iraq constitute a crisis in American generalship.

These kinds of condemnations are unprecedented. Civilians don’t criticize the generals because they’d be characterized as anti-military. Majors and lieutenant colonels usually don’t do so publicly because their careers would quickly come to a screeching halt.

But Yingling is pointing to a real problem within the ranks. As Kevin Drum noted, it needs to be taken seriously.

Among other things, Iraq has made clear not just that our military isn’t equipped to effectively fight non-conventional wars, but that even now it continues to be largely uninterested in fighting non-conventional wars. It would rather have its toys, and in this it’s aided and abetted as it always has been by a Congress more interested in military pork for constituents and contributors than it is in figuring out what our military really ought to look like ten years from now. Yingling’s article is a wakeup call.

Will any of Yingling’s colleagues stand with him and endorse his criticisms?

It’s Perfumed Prince Syndrome as a noted Vietnam critic and Colonel, David Hackworth (who killed his Army career is pretty much the same manner) had said from the 80s till his unfortunate death to cancer in 2005. The more things change, the more they stay the same.

Jean Larteguy (sic?) might have said it best:
“I’d like to have two armies, one for display, with lovely guns, tanks, little soldiers, staffs, distinguished and doddering generals and dear little regimental officers, who would be deeply concerned over their general’s bowel movements or their colonel’s piles; an army that would be shown for a modest fee on every fairground in the country. [But] the other would be the real one, composed entirely of young enthusiasts in camouflage uniforms, who would not be put on display but from whom impossible efforts would be demanded and to whom all sorts of tricks would be taught. That’s the army in which I should like to fight.”

“Will any of Yingling’s colleagues stand with him and endorse his criticisms?”

Knowing how such organizations work, I doubt it.

  • The military learned its lesson when Shinseki was ridiculed and then effectively dismissed from the Army.

    Call it management by intimidation.

  • It’s a good critisism of what ails the U.S. Army in Iraq, but it still suffers from the assumption that the war was justified from the outset. We had no valid reason to wage a “preventative” war in Iraq, nor did we have a good reason to intercede militarily in Viet Nam’s long struggle for independence. Some wars are just wrong to fight to being with, and the military has to at least have some awareness of that fact in order to better protect our country.

  • Well, given the organizational structure there, you can kind of understand how you have to be a yes-man almost the whole way up to the top. Once you are at or near the top, it seems you’d have some leeway to voice some dissenting opinions.

    But here is the rub. That might be how it USED TO WORK, but under this administration, and the situation with this war, and the precedent before the war with Shinseki, life for generals becomes a task of self-preservation. What is sad is that so many seem to have decided that for too long it was more important to hold their tongue and save their careers, rather than try to band together like minds and make a concerted front that could take on the silliness. Maybe they thought that the screwup would only go on so long and cause so much damage, whenever sane leaders took hold (say, 2004 presidential election) and started fixing things or getting the hell out.

    But this is the same problem with political power plays taking over many different arms of the government. Once corrupt political operatives become the main power source, and fear rules the day, it take even more bravery than usual to stand up and self sacrifice, and few seemed up to the challenge. Only now that there is more backing for dissenting voices (a democratic congress, which can actually get its hands on SOME info that can back up the claims of dissenting (albeit, probably retired) generals), are people standing up because they dont feel so out of the mainstream and arent quite as fearful of reprisals (perhaps stupidly so.)

    Im ambivalent as to whether this is a moral failing, or more a result of how our administration runs things. It could be some of both, but I feel it’s mostly the latter.

  • “As the war in Iraq has unfolded, the word of U.S. generals has become almost sacrosanct.”

    How long I’ve waited to read those words. One of the “lessons” learned from Vietnam was that protesters often, and often wrongly, lumped politicians and soldiers together as objects of their derision. In this war, everyone has been uber=careful to support the troops and blame the politicians, to the point that no one dare criticize the military. Yet extremes and exclusions never seem to hold up and perhaps we’re finally getting to that point with the military.

    If some national discussion about the military comes to be, it’s worth asking a couple of basic questions first: (1) have the politicians given the military an impossible task, and (2) is the task the military has been given one that they’ve been properly trained to perform.

  • To paraphrase Rummy, “Don’t fight in the reality you have, if you can fight under the illusions of your fantasies.

  • It’s long, but go read Yingling’s whole article if you can. Now that I have, I don’t believe he does assume the war was either justified or winnable from the outset.

    Yingling argues that a general has a three-part function: (1) to anticipate and prepare for the NEXT, not the last, war; (2) to tell the truth to the statesman AND populace contemplating war; and (3) to manage well any war-making that may then ensue. But he stresses that no general known to history could succeed at (3) without having succeeded at (1) and (2). And (1) and (2) are exactly where our recent and current, Vietnam and Iraq, generals failed completely. Since “the statesman” in this case allowed only mild-mannered, compliant generals near him (ahem … Powell … Meyers … Pace, anyone?), he (and we) were assured failure from the git.

    One of Yingling’s most important points is that CONGRESS alone can effect a correction — by ordering reformed requirements of not just demonstrated courage but equally intellectual excellence and creativity (including foreign-language fluency) as requirements for both promotion and retirement-at-full-rank in our military. To win and keep your star(s), you’ll have to prove that you are and remain worthy of them.

    It’s a very good read. And how hungry are you for some integrity from an officer (momentarily) high in our military?

  • A real failure of this war is the lack of the General corps to resist the micromanaging of the civilians in charge. That lack of spine from the get-to (Shinseki excepted) caused so many of problems that turned what could have been a more acceptable result instead into our current debacle.

    I like Drum’s point as well. We need to face the fact that so many of the conflicts we will likely find ourselves in the future will have no need for tactical subs, joint strike fighters, fancy frigates nor any of the enormously expensive toys we keep getting sold for the military. It still always comes down to boots and the ground and human brains to work things out. But instead we seem to procure weapons based on how the footage of their use will look like on CNN rather than what the troops really need on the ground.

  • In a system in which senior officers select for promotion those like themselves, there are powerful incentives for conformity.

    This isn’t just the military. It is any bureaucracy. I saw the same thing in California State government, with lots of bright people bailing out after 6-7 years’ service, when they realized there was no way they could get further, since they weren’t part of the Sucking and Swallowing in Public Brigade.

    And it works the same way in large corporations, which is why they are all full of shit too.

    As to this:

    Yingling argues that a general has a three-part function: (1) to anticipate and prepare for the NEXT, not the last, war; (2) to tell the truth to the statesman AND populace contemplating war; and (3) to manage well any war-making that may then ensue. But he stresses that no general known to history could succeed at (3) without having succeeded at (1) and (2).

    File under: “sun continues to rise in the east.” Failing to do these things are why every general in every war who ever lost, lost. They were all fully prepared to fight the last war. See: Napoleon’s defeat of nearly every continental army until the dead wood at top was turned out to pasture; the Crimean War and the charge of the light brigade; the first three years of the Union Army’s campaigns in the Army of the Potomac; the entire of the First World War prior to March 1918, when the failures were finally put aside (mostly, other than General Sir Douglas Haig, the prime reason today why I refuse to drink Haig scotch – which his family owns); see also “Maginot Line.” See also: Pearl Harbor. etc., etc., etc.

    None of this is “new” news, folks.

  • It’s an excellent article. It could also be a bold career gambit by an ambitious soldier who figured out how to fast-track his career to a generalship, and/or someone who is extremely distressed (beyond the point of caring about his future career) over how his army has been abused by the generals who kowtow to (reading between the lines) an unbelievably incompetent civilian administration. Certainly if he’s right, he deserves a shot at fixing the problem.

    I imagine he smiled rather wryly when he wrote the last words in his article, “The views expressed here are the author’s and do not necessarily reflect those of the Army or the Defense Department.”

  • the military is a bureaucracy.

    bureaucracies behave this way –

    they always have,

    absent unusual leadership from the top.

    in iraq, thus far,

    we have had no unusual leaders from the top.

    quite the contrary,

    the bush administration and

    secdef donald rumsfeld

    have been very skilled in selecting generals who will not question what the bush admin wants to have happen,

    not what is effective.

    gen geoffrey miller (abu grahib/guantanamo) comes to mind in this regard.

  • Comments are closed.