There’s real research and there’s conservative research

Earlier this year, Bush cautiously entered the fray on the issue of adoption by same-sex couples, saying, “Studies have shown that the ideal is where a child is raised in a married family with a man and a woman.” This struck a number of people as very odd for a number of reasons.

First, Bush doesn’t read studies. Second, his staff couldn’t point to any studies to back up his claim. Third, if Bush really cared about objective research on the issue, he’d know that the American Academy of Pediatrics, the leading experts in this field, has found no meaningful difference in the impact on children between same-sex couples and heterosexual couples.

Putting reality aside, however, the right doesn’t need objective, reliable research to bolster their misguided opinions. As the Boston Globe reported in a fascinating article over the weekend, conservatives have their own outlets to lend credence to the ideas they already accept as fact anyway.

Bush’s statement was celebrated at a tiny think tank called the Family Research Institute, where the founder, Dr. Paul Cameron, believes Bush was referring to studies he has published in academic journals that are critical of gays and lesbians as parents. Cameron has published numerous studies with titles such as ”Gay Foster Parents More Apt to Molest” — a conclusion disputed by many other researchers.

The president’s statement was also welcomed at a small organization with an august-sounding name, the American College of Pediatricians. The college, which has a small membership, says on its website that it would be ”dangerously irresponsible” to allow same-sex couples to adopt children. The college was formed just three years ago, after the 75-year-old American Academy of Pediatrics issued its paper.

That pediatric study asserted a ”considerable body of professional evidence” that there is no difference between children of same-sex and heterosexual parents.

The Family Research Institute and the American College of Pediatrics are part of a rapidly growing trend in which small think tanks, researchers, and publicists who are open about their personal beliefs are providing what they portray as medical information on some of the most controversial issues of the day.

It’s quite a scheme these guys have cooked up.

Right-wing activists have created reasonable-sounding mini-think tanks with impressive sounding names. They conduct “studies” and write “reports” that are then picked up by the conservative movement and incorporated into talking points on issues such as gay rights, abortion, birth control, abstinence education, etc.

Where is this “scholarship” published? It’s a funny story, actually.

Cameron’s adoption study, and at least 10 more of his works, appeared in Psychological Reports, a small journal based in Montana, which says its studies are peer-reviewed, although editor Doug Ammons said: ”No reviewer has a veto right.” The journal, which typically charges $27.50 per page to print an article, is portrayed by Ammons as a ”scientific manifestation of free speech.”

In real journals, an article is rejected if a peer reviewer raises objects to methodology. Indeed, real journals have actual professionals doing the peer reviewing. And perhaps most importantly, many real journals do not charge for publication.

We’ve entered a fascinating time in which there’s a bizarro world for America’s right wing that resembles reality, but doesn’t include substance, evidence, or concern for accuracy. We now have real science and right-wing science, real scholarship and right-wing scholarship, real academic journals and right-wing journals, real research and right-wing research.

Almost a year ago, Run Suskind published his seminal NYT article that gave birth to the phrase “reality-based community.” In the article, in fact in the same paragraph, a senior advisor to the president said:

“We’re an empire now, and when we act, we create our own reality. And while you’re studying that reality — judiciously, as you will — we’ll act again, creating other new realities, which you can study too, and that’s how things will sort out. We’re history’s actors … and you, all of you, will be left to just study what we do.”

The more I watch today’s conservatives, the more that quote takes on added meaning.

In real journals, an article is rejected if a peer reviewer raises objects to methodology. Indeed, real journals have actual professionals doing the peer reviewing. And perhaps most importantly, real journals do not charge for publication.

This isn’t right. There are plenty of legitimate scientific journals that charge a fee to underwrite the costs of publication. Also, there are cases in which two reviewers for a legitimate scientific journal disagree as to the merits of a paper, and the editor has to make the final decision on whether or not to accept it.

Your point on the perniciousness of fake science journals is well taken, but unfortunately the difference between the fake papers and the serious ones is not that clear cut.

  • It’s probably unfair to cast “charge for publication” as a symptom of a bad journal. There is a movement among many scientists to move from a “subscriber pays” to an “author pays” model. A good example is the Public Library of Science, which publishes “Open Access” journals where the author pays for publication.

    This is part of an effort to wrest control of scientific literature away from companies that charge ludicrous fees; the theory is that scientific papers should be readable by anyone and not locked up in an ivory tower.

  • dbtm raises a point that I’m not entirely clear on. In the political science world, most of the journals I’m familiar with do not charge for publication.

    In the context of Paul Cameron’s research, the elite journals in his field — the Journal of the American Medical Association and the New England Journal of Medicine — have standards far different from those he relies on for publication. They don’t charge and there’s a rigorous peer-review process.

    That said, dbtm’s point is well taken.

  • Regardless of who pays, right-wing science is beginning to sound a lot more like science fiction these days, and not in a good way. Creating one’s own reality is supposed to be a creative, uplifting experience designed to help a person and indeed whole societies to reach their full potential as far as they humanly can. The right-wing version apparently is designed to create a bleak and hopeless landscape ruled by those with neither wisdom nor compassion, a hodgepodge of fear and confusion. Trust the right-wingers to screw it all up…..again.

  • This may not be the fault of Psychological Reports, which looks like an honest operation.

    But not being a psychologist, I can’t speak to Psychological Report’s reputation as an outlet of quality research. The best social science journals have rejection rates of manuscripts exceeding 85%-90%; the lesser journals can’t be as picky and are more likely to give some benefit of doubt to manuscripts where reviewer opinion is divided. If this is the case with PR, then it’s likely that the manuscripts don’t undergo as stringent a peer review process.

    I do admit that charging authors is unusual, at least in my own discipline, but journals aren’t money-making enterprises & I can see publishers insisting on something like this if they can’t get production costs subsidized (e.g., membership dues from a regional psychological association).

    But you’re right, CB, about the need to beware of pseudo-scientific think-tanks and private operations that get their support from political organizations of any stripe. Vested interest kills objecivity.

  • Journals that publish color figures often have a fee per color page, and some charge per page regardless. The key question as far as the journal’s credibility is concerned is its peer review policy. You can also judge a journal by how often other credible journals cite its published reports, which is quantified in a metric called Impact Factor.

    If you want to know about a researcher’s credibility check the Impact Factor of the journals in which he or she has published. Fortunately for us, somebody has already done that for the erstwhile Dr. Cameron. Those numbers come from 1995 but can be updated with some quick googling.

  • Interesting…I found a page that actually evaluated the rankings of the journal outlets used by “The Cameron Group.”

    http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/html/facts_cameron_journals.html

    Anyhoo, between this and other information I’ve scrounged, it looks like Psych Reports is a bottom-feeder journal & (from the site I’ve listed here) that The Cameron Group tends to dump their stuff at places where they’ll just about take anything.

  • Very interesting. I haven’t been active in my
    field – actuarial science – so I don’t even know
    what the current practices are.

    But it’s the broader aspect of this topic that interests
    me. Pseudo-science, or Ideological Science (IS),
    which I like because one comes up with
    “Idiot Science,” has gained a strong foothold
    in American culture, and is winning respectability
    at an alarming rate. Just look at ID from the DI
    (Intelligent Design from the Discovery Institute).
    Used to be most Americans rejected evolution,
    but only the Bible Babblers could articulate why.
    Now the rest of them lean on ID to rationalize
    their superstitious beliefs. I see the phenomenon
    in the letters to our leading newspaper now.

    The day can’t be far off before some right
    wing think tank publishes a study which might
    be called “Religious and Political Bias among
    University Professors.” They’ve already done
    some damage with liberal bias among all
    university professors. Just think of the field
    day they’ll have with scientists.

    I am guessing more than half of them are
    non believers, compared to 2% of the general
    population. I am also guessing that as many
    as 2/3 might be progressive, and that more
    would be apolitical than conservative.
    Can you imagine the damage right wingers
    could do to legitimate science in America
    if all my assumptions are true?

    They’d scream, accurately in a perverted sense,
    that science is nothing more than the biased
    rantings of atheistic liberals.

  • I wish I had been able to jump in on this earlier. I have published over 50 articles in standard academic journals (Science, Demography, Americal Sociological Review, Geographical Analysis, Social Sorces, Journal of Regional Science). Most journals I know of are non-charge. Some have a “voluntary charge” — that is, if your work was done on a federal or foundation grant (which usually will include an amount for page charges in order to provide support for the journals) you are asked to pay that charge; if you did the research without a grant, you don’t pay. Most journals I’ve dealt with have two reviewers (profesionals in your specialty area). If both turn you down you’re cooked. If one does you can usually ask for an editorial decision (they’re usually cautious, are not specialists in the area, and back the negator). Some journals, e.g., Science, have to turn down many fully qualified articles simply due to lack of space.

    None of this contradicts CB’s original point, that this administration could care less what “real” science has to say about anything. They’re ike the Merchfields in Bob & Ray’s radio segment Garish Summit: “There — in stately splendor far removed from the squalid village below [realityville, academia] — they fight their petty battles over power and money.”

  • In a non-right wing study I have done about the “Bobbo’s world” posts on Atrios, I have concluded that right-wingers (the more religious the better) are more apt to molest children than anyone else. Thanks CB for not charging me $29.95 to post the results of my “study.” … And in case Santorum asks, these rightie, fundie child molesters are not living anywhere near Boston.

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