This Week in God

First up from The God Machine this week is an interesting legal dispute in California about the responsibilities of medical professionals who have religious qualms about their work. We’ve heard quite a bit about pharmacists who don’t want to fill prescriptions for medication they find morally objectionable, but what about doctors refusing to treat some patients?

On the heels of its ruling on same-sex marriage, California’s highest court will decide another potentially landmark civil rights case: whether doctors can refuse to treat certain patients for religious reasons.

The case reaches back nearly 10 years, to when Guadalupe “Lupita” Benitez of Oceanside was trying to conceive. Benitez, who is gay, says doctors violated her civil rights because they refused her a fertility treatment, saying it was against their religion to perform insemination on a lesbian.

The two doctors and their employer, North Coast Women’s Care Medical Group, say they denied Benitez treatment because it is against their Christian beliefs to perform insemination on unwed women, whether heterosexual or lesbian. Their refusal, they argue, is protected by their constitutional right to freedom of religion.

The question, of course, focuses on the limits of a physician’s ability to discriminate based on religious worldview. There are plenty of OB/GYN doctors who refuse to perform abortions, but this is different — we’re talking about doctors who provide insemination services, but only want to make the services available to certain kinds of patients.

“The case raises a whole series of questions about the basis for which people can be denied medical treatment, particularly the extent to which gays or lesbians could be denied access to reproductive technology,” Joan Hollinger, a professor of family law at the University of California at Berkeley, said.

A trial court backed Benitez’s argument in 2004, concluding that a medical group’s religious objections do not trump California’s anti-discrimination laws. A year later, a state appeals court sided with the doctors. The state Supreme Court will settle the issue this year.

Next up from The God Machine is a follow-up to a story we’ve been following for a few weeks now. South Carolina recently became the first state to offer license plates that feature a Christian cross with the phrase “I Believe.” The state legislature passed the measure unanimously, and this week, my friends at Americans United for Separation of Church and State challenged the plates in federal court.

[AU] filed the lawsuit in Columbia, S.C., on behalf of three Christian clergy members, a rabbi and a Hindu group from the state, arguing that the license plates violated the Constitution.

The group is seeking an injunction to prevent the state from even producing the plates.

Approval of the plate “was a clear signal that Christianity is the preferred religion of South Carolina,” said the Rev. Barry W. Lynn, the group’s executive director and a United Church of Christ minister, “and obviously we don’t believe the Constitution allows this.”

Just as an aside, you can only imagine the emails AU has received since filing the lawsuit.

And finally this week, a new poll suggests how questions about evolution are asked makes a big difference in the results.

Most Americans accept the theory of evolution and actually favor teaching evolution over creationism or intelligent design in public school science classes, according to a new study conducted by a coalition of scientific societies, including the National Academy of Sciences, National Science Teachers Associations and the American Institute of Biological Sciences.

This runs contrary to studies through the years, which showed Americans backing creationist accounts to the findings of evolutionary biology. But this new study, which surveyed 1,000 likely U.S. voters, gives new hope that maybe Americans are getting better at reconciling faith and science. Or maybe Americans always did prefer evolution and results depended more on how the question was worded than on actual beliefs, as the Skeptical Inquirer suggests in its July/August 2008 issue. (“Likely Voters Prefer Evolution over Creationism” by Greg Laden.)

The survey asked half the respondents whether they believed “all living things” evolved over time, of which 61 percent responded “yes.”

The other half of respondents were asked only whether “humans and other living things” evolved, to which 53 percent said “yes.”

Hope springs eternal.

Maybe it’s just me. If asked whether “all living things” evolved, I might have wondered about some single cell organisms and said no. But “humans and other living things”, being less confining, would have been a no brainer yes.

  • I don’t agree with the happy interpretation of the last item, on evolution. You can accept creationism and modified evolution together. That is, that God created all the living things in the beginning, but that doesn’t mean they are immutable, and common sense tells us they’re not. People are getting bigger, taller, for one thing. Animals can be bred into myriad forms. Dogs, for example. Most creationists that I encounter accept modification of species, but not speciation itself. I think the wording of the two questions is ambiguous, which underscores the point, but doesn’t settle the issue of whether half the American people believe God created man in (essentially) his current form, or not.

    Why didn’t they just ask if you believe human beings evolved from earlier, non human forms of life? And then list the lineage as we understand it today, from primordial microbes to . . . to primitive apes to humans? Betcha you’d get a helluva a lot of negative answers with that one, like 50% or more.

  • As a Christian of the superior variety, I know that you and those who do not fully understand Creationism are completely wrong!

    As we are taught in our Prosperity Gospel Churches: ‘It is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a poor man to go to heaven.’

    You may be a decendent of an ape – but not me! I evolved from a lemming.

  • Creationism and evolution can co-exist if you are willing to accept that a ‘day’ for God is not limited to 24 periods of 60 minutes as we currently define them.

    Creationism and evolution cannot co-exist if only the Pat Robertson / Jerry Falwell interpretation,of verbal histories that were put into written form after centuries and later translated into differing languages (the Bible), can be permitted to be correct.

  • The science of evolution is not a science of creation. Many vocal and ardent supporters of evolution, such as Kenneth Miller, accept both God and evolution. Accepting evolution does not either require God nor reject it, unless you are a fundamentalist.

    Discrimination over medical practices, services, and medications is no different than other forms of discrimination, such as those based on ethnicity or skin color.

  • Does this mean that 8% of the population didn’t think of humans as a “living thing?” Does the inclusion of “thing” throw them? or “living?”

  • Where in the Christian faith does it state that Doctor’s can artificially inseminated heterosexuals? Also, if you believe in genetics, which infertility doctors should, you run into a problem with creationism. Eve was made from Adam’s rib thereby giving her the same genetic make up as him, making her a man. So, the doctor’s argument of discriminating against homosexuals because of their religious beliefs is ridiculous and pathetic.

  • saying it was against their religion to perform insemination on a lesbian.

    Which part of their medical examination revealed that he was a lesbian?

  • Which part of their medical examination revealed that he was a lesbian?

    Oops, usually I don’t correct typos but that should have been “she” was a lesbian in #8.

  • Dale, @9,

    Sexual orientation cannot, obviously, be determined by a medical exam (although, if two women show up for the procedure, the doctor might get an inkling). What can be determined — by reading the filled out form — is whether a woman is married or not. The doctors at that clinic said they were refusing to inseminate *unmarried* women — whether homo- or hetero- sexual.

    Which, of course, brings up an interesting question: if two *married* lesbians show up desiring artificial insemination, what will the doctors say then?

    I’ve had a doctor — a Mormon — refuse to prescribe the pill, because, although I was married, I haven’t yet had any children and had not, therefore, fulfilled my God-assigned (according to *his* religion) role. Religion and medicine doesn’t mix any better than religion and politics, IMO.

    Oh, and on the subject of pharmacists who refuse to dispense things like plan B… Read a teeny snippet in NYT sometime this past week, about a new pharmacy opening somewhere, which will *not carry* any contraceptives, prescribed or over the vounter. Not just no plan B, but no pill, no condoms, no contraceptive creams/jellies, no nothing. They’ll advertise it right up front, so that you won’t have to go looking through the shelves, only to come up empty.

    Which brings up another interesting question: how well is this pharmacy likely to prosper? Do they seriously think that someone is going to come in and pick up their soap and shampoo there, and then go looking for another pharmacy, to purchase a packet of condoms? And, once they find a one-stop pharmacy, what’s to make them go back to this one, even if the only thing they want *is* shampoo?

  • I think they must be betting on total fundie loyalty. Depending on where they’re located, there might be enough fundies in the community who applaud that sort of thing to keep them in business. If so, I’d be MIGHTY glad to NOT live in that community. (And yes, I’m sure they’d be glad not to have me—a win-win situation.) dd

  • The question really is what should be taught in schools. I could have gotten all creationism had to offer in about a week at church class. Evolution however is science and takes a few years to understand all it has to offer and how to use experiments.
    Evolution does not exclude God but creationism excludes reason and science. It’s as easy as reason vs fantasy…one shouldn’t supplant the other when taught separately.

    Are we to believe an ape was raped by extraterrestrials on a cigarette break leaving behind their book of dreams by accident. “Hey Frank. See that ape over there. I think I’m gonna…”

  • I was lucky enough to go to Catholic school, where — even 45-55 years ago — evolution was accepted. I never had to ‘unlearn’ creationism, because Catholics — and most non-fundie Protestants (even non-literalist evangelicals) aren’t creationism. In fact, when I was growing up, creationism was, rightly, viewed as the province of the true crackpot. Pracycally nobody in the Northeast accepted it — it was the sort of thing you expected from the ‘Bible Belt’ or from California. (Back then, the line ‘they tilted America and all the loose nuts wound up in California” was pretty accurate — sorry to any Californians, the recent tilt was the other direction and they’ve been rolling to Florida.)

  • Regarding the lesbian insemination, I do have great reservations about forcing people to do things that they think is wrong, as long as they at least refer their patients to someone who will perform the operation.

    Evolution/creationism: why is *anybody* still talking about this? Science is for public schools. Religion is for churches. What else is there to talk about? No one will ever change my mind unless they provide physical proof of God; namely, I have to see God with my own eyes, doing miracles on the spot. If I see Him creating a planet or moon before my very eyes, I’ll give up and admit I was wrong. Because then it will be classified as observable, which will qualify it to be science.

  • I think these doctors got confused and took the Hypocritic oath rather than the Hippocratic oath.

  • I feel that one answer to this may lie with the concept of separation of church and state (duh?). It seems fairly obvious that our founding fathers, as well as the general populist, agreed that separation of church and state was a desirable principle. This country has continued to function, more or less, on that principle.

    If doctors or other medical professionals do not want to observe their oath due to strictly religious grounds, then they should sacrifice their state credentials and try to make it on their own principle. They are even free to associate with like-minded individuals to their hearts’ content. But their credentials and their oath are based on centuries old concepts. I do not begrudge them their ideals and principles, but I do begrudge them their insistence that I adhere to their individual beliefs.

    Just as any church is free to forgo tax exempt status and speak as it wishes (as long as we still have freedom of speech and their members choose to adhere to that church’s doctrine), any professional in any field should feel free to sacrifice whatever state-sanctioned certification they possess and strike off in their own direction.

    Perhaps the government should assist such people in the creation and credentialing of their own network of services to be subscribed to on strictly voluntarily basis.

    As far as I am concerned, anyone can believe in whatever magic fairies that strike their fancy and act accordingly. I just don’t want it mandatory that I accept or support such fancies.

  • Dale, @11,

    Thanks; this was a much longer article than the snippet I saw in NYT, though both centered on the Chantilly pharmacy. The *really* funny thing about this one (other than that they’ll sell Viagra but not contraceptives of any kind) is the name — DMC. To them, it may stand for “Divine Mercy Care” but, to many, many women — anyone who’s ever embroidered or crocheted — DMC will shout “thread”. Most of us don’t even know what DMC stands for (I had to check: Dollfus Mieg & Cie), but we all know that it means superiour (French) thread, fabrics, books on textile techniques, etc. The firm has been in existence since 18th century and is justly famous in the world of textiles.

    Add that to the word “pharmacy” and its policies and the jokes write themselves. From “Put a Knot in It: the only fully reliable contraceptive without side effects”, to “Crochet a Sheath; patterns for the only contraceptive approved by the Pope. Pineapple stitch for added pleasure”

  • Bottom line (?). I say it’s a matter of fraud. If you take a job as a (name the position), and then refuse to execute the obligations of that position, then you are guilty of fraud. If one takes a job as a lifeguard, except that one is hydrophobic, then accepting the position, for monetary remuneration, is fraud. Those “professionals” shouldn’t be sued on religious grounds, they should be sued for fraud.

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