Will 2008 be a post-Culture War election?

I’ve long suspected that the right has greater success pushing culture-war issues to the fore when real issues lack political salience. Take the 1990s, for example. During a period of peace and prosperity, grassroots conservatives continued to push divisive trivia: “Gay people are scary!” “Why won’t the government do more to promote the Ten Commandments?” Because most Americans were content with the direction of the country, the culture war became a subject of serious discussion, because people didn’t have as much to talk about.

The WaPo’s E.J. Dionne Jr. makes the case today that in 2008, with all of the challenges we face, no one really wants to hear the right whine about God, guns, and gays anymore.

We are at the beginning of a new era in which large, secular problems related to war and peace, economics and the United States’ standing in the world will displace culture and religion as the electorate’s central concerns. Divisions on “values” questions will not disappear, but they will be far less important to voters and campaigns.

Just four years ago, we were arguing over whether Bush was reelected primarily because of his strong support from voters who told the exit pollsters that “moral values” had guided their decisions. We parsed the political preferences of those who attend religious services frequently and those who never go — and found the former group rather staunchly Republican, the latter strongly Democratic. It was 1928 all over again. Culture and religion ruled.

In truth, Bush’s victory rested both on 9/11 and on enthusiasm from religious voters. But what’s most important is that 2004, like 1928, is destined to be the last in a long line of contests in which culture and religion proved central to the outcome.

Dionne’s case is pretty persuasive. Indeed, the evidence to bolster his case is already apparent — while Dems are minimizing and seeking to heal cultural and religious rifts, John McCain was able to secure the Republican nomination despite opposition from the party’s culture-warrior base. The latter is a modern first.

Indeed, while my distaste for McCain is fairly intense, I feel relatively confident that he probably won’t emphasize gay-bashing and gun-grabbing throughout the fall.

But there’s still one whopping caveat to all of this. The ’08 cycle will still be plenty divisive — it’s just more likely to be divisive on different issues.

In other words, the right will have less of an incentive to bash Democrats as gay-loving, prayer-banning ACLU members, and more of an incentive to bash Democrats as terrorist-coddling, torture-banning, immigrant-loving tax raisers.

It’s not so much that the culture war is over, but rather, it’s picking up new issues. The old ones became passe, and for lack of a better word, boring. The right still hopes to divide Americans, but with demagoguery for a new generation. Falwell is dead, Robertson is laughed at, and Dobson is wondering why people aren’t jumping to return his phone calls anymore. The activists that made these religious right leaders wealthy and powerful are still around, and they’re still asking the same old questions, but now they have kids who want to know why climate change and poverty aren’t considered moral questions, too.

And mainstream Americans consider the recession, Iraq, and healthcare and energy costs, and suddenly find it a lot more difficult to get worked up over civil unions and Ten Commandments displays.

What’s more, I’d go so far as to say the religious activists themselves are exhausted. They worked tirelessly in 2004 to get exactly what they wanted — a far-right president working with a far-right Congress. In terms of legislative accomplishments, what big-ticket items got crossed off their to-do list? Not a whole lot. These folks will certainly keep voting, and will definitely keeping backing Republicans, but I think even they’ve learned that their legislative dreams aren’t going to come to fruition.

Dionne concluded:

The era of the religious right is over. Even absent the rise of urgent new problems, Americans had already reached a point of exhaustion with a religious style of politics that was dogmatic, partisan and ideological.

That style reflected a spirit far too certain of itself and far too insistent on the moral depravity of its political adversaries. It had the perverse effect of narrowing the range of issues on which religious traditions would speak out and thinning our moral discourse. Precisely because I believe in a strong public role for faith, I would insist that it is a great sellout of those traditions to assert that religion has much to say about abortion and same-sex marriage but little to teach us about war and peace, social justice and the environment.

With the United States turning its attention again to very large, post-9/11 issues — as our forebears did during the Depression, World War II and the Cold War — we will certainly be asking for God’s blessing and help. But the questions that will most engage us will be about survival and prosperity, not religion and culture.

If Dionne is right, and I think he is, the country will be better for it.

Well the financial wall between church and state came down. And there’s the matter of there being a de facto religious standard for election. They’ll be back.

  • Since the Republican Party is collapsing into irrelevance, does it really matter that the religious right has also become irrelevant. The real question is what will the U.S. be like as a defacto one party state?

  • “Culture War.” That’s a Bill O’Reilly neologism that Fox News ran with. Old news; I really don’t think it’ll make as big a splash this time around.

  • There will be one more “culture war” to fight; however, this one will be brought aggressively against the Right.

    “Gay people are scary” only because they are a threat to the religious wingnuts’ belief that they have a right to force their morality upon all others—both passively, and actively. In reality, the marriage between two people of the same gender is no threat whatsoever to my marriage. Besides—there have been, in the human episode of history, theological belief systems in place that far predated the Judeo-Christian model, all of which viewed monotheism as an abomination. Should we now actively re-embrace these ancient beliefs, and start slaughtering Christians by the bushel, as was once done under Nero?

    No—of course not. But we can emphasize that, while the Fiefdom of Wingnuttia spewed their message of intolerance, the really important issues affecting the Republic were nonchalantly tossed by the wayside and allowed to fester. In seeking to make America into their precious little “christian” nation, they allowed the wreck of that nation.

    This has all the hallmarks of a “never again” moment….

  • If Dionne is right, and I think he is, the country will be better for it.

    And all it took was a failed occupation of a Middle Eastern country, oil at $100 a barrel, our reputation in tatters, and a teetering economy!

    Thanks, culture warriors! You really did the Lord’s work. Camels and needles, after all.

  • Just four years ago, we were arguing over whether Bush was reelected primarily because of his strong support from voters who told the exit pollsters that “moral values” had guided their decisions.

    This is the problem I have with exit polls. Were Bush voters going to say they voted for him because of Iraq? The economy? The threat of terrorism in Arkansas? Taxes (which all things considered, sounds pretty selfish)? Character? I don’t know what all the choices were, but “moral values” sounds pretty safe. And I think the same principle applies to exit polls in this year’s primaries.

  • I think that Pat Buchanan is responsible for the term “culture war” as it is used in politics today. And it’s an apt description of what is going on.

    John Kerry lost the 2004 presidential election on May 17, 2004. That was the day that gay marriage became legal in Massachusetts.

    There isn’t going to be a “post-culture war” election in my lifetime. The cultural divisions are too deep. The cultural issues may get put on the back burner this year, but I’m sad to say that the “God, guns and gays” campaign will be with us for a long time.

  • Culture War.” That’s a Bill O’Reilly neologism that Fox News ran with. Old news

    The phrase “culture war” was mainstreamed by Pat Buchanan in 1992, during the “Hatefest in Houston,” otherwise known as the 1992 Republican National Convention.

    The convention is also remembered for the perception it reinforced of a Republican Party committed to social conservative values. This perception was emphasized by Pat Buchanan’s famous opening night “culture war” speech where he argued that a great battle of values was taking place in the United States. Some considered the speech to be racist, sexist, homophobic, xenophobic and generally intolerant in character. Others disagreed. Arguably, the speech ended up alienating more moderate Republican voters and many speculate caused them to move over to the Bill Clinton and Ross Perot camps.

  • In response to the question posed by post #2;

    Wouldn’t it be great to find out!

  • To 7 and 8, thanks for clearing that up. Obviously, Pat hasn’t used the phrase that much in recent years and I only hear the phrase when I accidentally stop on Fox News every so often while flipping channels.

  • Tom,

    The Democratic Party would move to the right in a one party state since the former Republican voters will start voting in the Democratic Primary. Also, since the general eleciton woud become moot, the Democratic primary would be the real election. That means that activist would have a greater say since they turn out better for primaries.

    Also, if you look at places like DC, Baltimore, Philly, Chicago. Maybe a one party state is not that great of an idea.

  • Some good points have been made regarding what’s happening with the so called culture warriors.

    One of the worst (best victory for Repubs) things that happened: they gained the SCOTUS battle for a years to come by having Alito and Roberts confirmed. Even if we are able to replace the next 2 retiring judges (Stevens and Ginsburg), with progressives, it would still only entail a status quo.

    There still are way too many conservatives who put all their values in the religious basket. We’ll have to contend with them for many more years as well, until enough of them end up living in nursing homes and not voting or pushing daisies. The ‘younger’ generation isn’t all intolerant (hopefully)

  • to superdestroyer….

    I rather live in a one party democratic state for the next 8-16 years, then have McCain as president; just to off-set the democratic sweep of both houses of congress.

    You are correct that the one-party rule would eventually creep to the right, which wouldn’t be all that bad, because it wouldn’t be all the way to the ‘creepy right’ More center, but not crossing over into the conservative ideology.

  • superdestroyer said:
    Since the Republican Party is collapsing into irrelevance, does it really matter that the religious right has also become irrelevant. The real question is what will the U.S. be like as a defacto one party state?

    I think you’re being wildly optomistic, super-d. This past week I started to get the same sick feeling in my gut that I had during the leadup to the 1994 elections and the 2004 elections. Especially in 2004, Democrats had everything going for them but they dropped the ball.

    This year should be a huge victory for the Democrats. Democrats are both determined and hopeful, and they are turning out in record numbers. But chicanery and politization of the rules and unforgivable insults in the campaigns are threatening to cause an implosion in the party which could result in large numbers of people feeling alienated enough to stay home in November. If that happens, the Democrats won’t just lose the White House, they could actually lose control of one or both houses in Congress.


  • Tom Bisson said:

    In response to the question posed by post #2;

    Wouldn’t it be great to find out!

    Far be it for me to defend a broken record but careful what you wish. The Liebermans and the, dare I say, Clintons of the Party, seem more and more like they wish to commandeer the “Democrat” brand name simply as a cover for the same old bullshit.

  • From Wikipedia (the source you can almost trust):

    The phrase “culture war” is a literal translation of the German Kulturkampf, the name given to the struggle between the government of the German Empire under Otto von Bismarck against the power of the Catholic Church from 1871-1878.

    Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci in the 1920s argued that the reason the proletarian revolution had not advanced in Europe as fast as many Marxists had expected it would was due to cultural hegemony. The theory of cultural hegemony states that a diverse culture can be dominated by one class because of that class’s monopoly over the mass media and popular culture. Gramsci therefore argued for a culture war in which anti-capitalist elements seek to gain a dominant voice in mass media, education, and other mass organizations.

    [edit] 1990s

    The expression was introduced[citation needed] again by the 1991 publication of Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America by James Davison Hunter. In that book, Hunter described what he saw as a dramatic re-alignment and polarization that had transformed American politics and culture.

    He argued that on an increasing number of “hot-button” defining issues — abortion, gun politics, separation of church and state, privacy, homosexuality, censorship issues — there had come to be two definable polarities. Furthermore, it was not just that there were a number of divisive issues, but that society had divided along essentially the same lines on each of these issues, so as to constitute two warring groups, defined primarily not by nominal religion, ethnicity, social class, or even political affiliation, but rather by ideological world views.

    Hunter characterised this polarity as stemming from opposite impulses, toward what he refers to as Progressivism and Orthodoxy. The dichotomy has been adopted with varying labels, including, for example, by commentator Bill O’Reilly who emphasizes differences between “Secular-Progressives” and “Traditionalists”.

    In 1990 paleoconservative commentator Pat Buchanan mounted a campaign for the Republican nomination for president of the United States against incumbent George H.W. Bush in 1992. After doing surprisingly well in the New Hampshire Primary, where he drew 37% of the vote, his campaign faded. He received a prime time speech slot on the opening night of the Republican National Convention. His keynote is sometimes dubbed the “‘culture war’ speech”.[1]

    During his speech, he said: “There is a religious war going on in our country for the soul of America. It is a cultural war, as critical to the kind of nation we will one day be as was the Cold War itself.” [4] In addition to criticizing “environmental extremists” and “radical feminism,” he said public morality was a defining issue:

    The agenda [Bill] Clinton and [Hillary] Clinton would impose on America — abortion on demand, a litmus test for the Supreme Court, homosexual rights, discrimination against religious schools, women in combat — that’s change, all right. But it is not the kind of change America wants. It is not the kind of change America needs. And it is not the kind of change we can tolerate in a nation that we still call God’s country.[2]

    A month later, Buchanan elaborated that this conflict was about power over society’s definition of right and wrong. He named abortion, sexual orientation and popular culture as major fronts – and mentioned other controversies, including clashes over the Confederate Flag, Christmas and taxpayer-funded art. He also said that the negative attention his talk of a culture war received was itself evidence of America’s polarization.[3]

    When Buchanan ran for president in 1996, he promised to fight for the conservative side of the culture war:

    I will use the bully pulpit of the Presidency of the United States, to the full extent of my power and ability, to defend American traditions and the values of faith, family, and country, from any and all directions. And, together, we will chase the purveyors of sex and violence back beneath the rocks whence they came.[4]

  • I think the Right’s “culture war” is in trouble and they know it. It doesn’t mean they’re going away– they have too many moneyed institutions they’ve built over the past 30+ years– but their access to power is about to get dramatically cut off.

    I think at this moment in time anyone who spends too much time talking about the “threat” of same-sex marriage is going to look completely out of touch– far too many real issues trump all of their superficial issues.

    McCain is not their man. I think they only person that can get them on board with McCain is Hillary. If Obama gets it they’ll stay home.

  • The so called culture wars are wedge issues, tools as it were, used by and for corporate concerns to elect “their” cronies. I even remember Rove talking about how he used the religion angle for votes.

    Wedge issues trigger emotional response, not critical thinking processes, and so tend to appeal to the couch sitters who do not do independent research, read or think.

  • E.J. Dionne Jr. wrote:
    “Just four years ago, we were arguing over whether Bush was reelected primarily because of his strong support from voters who told the exit pollsters that “moral values” had guided their decisions.”

    I think those exit polls have been completely misinterpreted. Voters in 2004 weren’t voting for candidates that had Republican values — like supporting the right of 6 year olds by Uzis out of vending machines and capital punishment for women who have abortions. The voters wanted candidates to actually have values. Any values.

    Remember, all during 2002 and 2003 Democrats were doing their best to sound like Republicans. They were just as strong on national security and would be just as tough on the scary brown-skinned people. They hated taxes just as much as Republicans. Democrats didn’t give voters any reason to vote for pseudo-Republicans rather than the real thing.

    John Kerry was a lousy candidate who was, in his own way, just as incoherent as Bush. Kerry’s campaign speeches were rambling and overly academic with too many long, multiple-clause sentences. His speeches sounded like a paper for an academic journal, and were just as hard for the average American to follow. So when Kerry said in a debate, “I voted for the Iraq war funding before I voted against it,” that was all people remembered.

    So the key a Democratic victory in 2008 is candidates who will stand up and say with conviction, “This is what I believe in. If you don’t like it, don’t vote for me. I’d rather lose the election than betray my principles.”

  • This is a statement of sheer comedy:

    Take the 1990s, for example. During a period of peace and prosperity,

    Do you know why there was “peace” in the 1990s? Because Bill Clinton didn’t do a damn thing to effectively stop terrorists. He was more concerned with himself and his pecadillos than he was for America.

  • In Missouri where I live, wedge issues can still get voters off their butts. Being for guns, against stem cell research and against abortion are still very important positions for a lot of people. Unfortunately.

  • Perhaps the dissolution of the religious right is only now being noticed, but I think it goes back to a single tipping point: Teri Schiavo. The right was so convinced that they had their big and glorious victory that they went completely nuts. Bush cut short a vacation for the first time, and here in Pittsburgh, Little Ricky Santorum was breathlessly updating the local AM wingnut shows on the progress of his brave and moral fight. The right was in it’s glory, but a funny thing happened – the vast majority of the country was horrified with what they were doing. What was other-worldly about it was how flat out oblivious the right was to the mood of the country. They may be lunatics, but they usually play their lunacy craftily.

    A string of sex scandals involving loud-mouthed ‘puritans’ sealed the deal, but the root of their collapse was Teri Schiavo.

  • The diminishment of the culture war issues is due to the fact that voters are now motivated to vote their wallets once again now that, as the Onion so presciently wrote when Bush came to power, “our long national nightmare of peace and prosperity is over.”

    The culture war thing really was not only a good way to wrap up support from the religious right in a neat bow for the Republican Party, but a way to attack the Democratic Party because so-called moral issues were a weak point for Dems after the Jim Wright scandals to Whitewater to Bill’s philandering to the Blowjob Heard Round the World. THe Republicans have now lost their moral high ground with all the sleaze, both financial and sexual, the have been wallowing in since Newt took over Capital Hill.

    The political cycle has moved on but as Dale noted in #1 the religious righties have left their mark that we will have to pay homage to for years to come. As sure as a case of herpes, these guys will be back.

  • SteveIL, you must know how foolish of a statement that is, so I’m not even going to try to argue facts.

    But aside from the points you have incorrect about Bill Clinton, do you really think we’ve done anything to stop terrorists in the past seven years, even without peace? We don’t even have that luxury, of not being at war, and we’ve still managed to empower terrorists. Quite a feat, really. If we’re not going to catch them either way, we might as well NOT have thousands of our soldiers die in the process of failing.

  • SteveIL

    Of course, there’s also the small matter of international law. Al-Qaeda was just getting started in the 1990s. Clinton had enough intelligence information to believe Osama bin Laden was responsible for the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, the U.S.S. Cole attack and other terrorist acts. But he didn’t enough to bring to a court to request his extradition.

    Unlike our current president, Clinton knew that grabbing someone off the street of another country, torturing them until they confess, and then trying them in a kangaroo court sets a bad precedent. As much as I despise the things Bush, Cheney and company have done, I would not applaud if Iran or some other country kidnapped one of them and put them on trial.

    What Clinton did was warn his successor that Al-Qaeda was dangerous and should be watched carefully. What Bush did was ignore that advice, because it came from Clinton and because the accompanying facts didn’t agree with Bush’s world view.

    That said, it was stupid and reckless for Clinton to step one foot out of line when he knew there was a “Vast Right-Wing Conspiracy” out there trying to undermine his presidency from day one.

    (Okay, not a ‘Vast Right-Wing Conspiracy’, merely a nationwide network of conservative individuals and groups working in secret and in concert to undermine his presidency.)

  • Damn! Let me try that again. Sorry everyone.

    SteveIL said:
    Do you know why there was “peace” in the 1990s? Because Bill Clinton didn’t do a damn thing to effectively stop terrorists. He was more concerned with himself and his pecadillos than he was for America.

    Of course, there’s also the small matter of international law. Al-Qaeda was just getting started in the 1990s. Clinton had enough intelligence information to believe Osama bin Laden was responsible for the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, the U.S.S. Cole attack and other terrorist acts. But he didn’t enough to bring to a court to request his extradition.

    Unlike our current president, Clinton knew that grabbing someone off the street of another country, torturing them until they confess, and then trying them in a kangaroo court sets a bad precedent. As much as I despise the things Bush, Cheney and company have done, I would not applaud if Iran or some other country kidnapped one of them and put them on trial.

    What Clinton did was warn his successor that Al-Qaeda was dangerous and should be watched carefully. What Bush did was ignore that advice, because it came from Clinton and because the accompanying facts didn’t agree with Bush’s world view.

    That said, it was stupid and reckless for Clinton to step one foot out of line when he knew there was a “Vast Right-Wing Conspiracy” out there trying to undermine his presidency from day one.

    (Okay, not a ‘Vast Right-Wing Conspiracy’, merely a nationwide network of conservative individuals and groups working in secret and in concert to undermine his presidency.)

  • Since it is my nature to be more like Eeyore than Tigger, I do not think the religious right is involved in anything other than retrenchment. In so doing, the willingness of their leaders to make short-term compromises to preserve long-term viability and maintain their access to power is revealed. The language of all candidates for President continues to invoke religious refernces (the notion of being “called” is quite popular, for example) to court those for whom religion is the engine of political decision making.

    I guess I don’t believe in an inherent public role for faith. I understand that faith has had a positive impact on our public life, but it was individuals applying their faith to seek social justice. It was not faith that made their cause just or appealing. I welcome the fact that their faith animated them, but that does not – to me – bring an acceptance of an inherent public role for faith. Faith is an individual thing; I am happy when our society becomes more just – I do not care if faith is involved or not. Recently the public role of faith has not, IMO, promoted justice, and has proven public faith to be a double-edged sword. Therefore, I prefer that faith remain a private matter.

  • The culture war is still there, except that most people now know the war was a strategic mistake; and they want out. Obama is naive for thinking the republicans will give us big juicy smackers with tongue, as he is naive on many issues. So I’m still arguing for Hillary on the venom spitting blogs, as unpleasant as they are. And I’ve done my best on my blog with ‘Skill and Knowledge vs. The Pander Bear’. I just hope other Clinton supporters get active on the blogs, and at least try to counter the media smear machine.
    http://a-civilife.blogspot.com

  • The era of the religious right is over.

    You bloody wish. So do I, come to think of it. But I suspect that we’re both wrong.

  • # 28: So I’m still arguing for Hillary on the venom spitting blogs, as unpleasant as they are.

    Come down off the cross. We need the wood.

  • According to my research, the era of the religious right is just beginning. Sorry.

  • Catherine said:
    According to my research, the era of the religious right is just beginning. Sorry.

    I tend to agree with you that the religious right is not going to suddenly recognize the error of their ways and turn into rational, compassionate people. But I’d love to see the results of your research.

  • Sounds hopeful. But if Hillary is the Dem’s nominee, it will be night of the living dead for the culture war. The opportunity to re-fight the last 20 years, all over again, will just be too powerful to resist.

  • To say that “The era of the religious right is over” spooks me. I don’t believe that’s the case.

    I see mega churches on both sides of the interstate going up around Houston left and right.

    I desparently want to learn Spanish but have no talent for it so I take begginers converstional often and the ever growing number of “missionariaries” that take the class is disturbing.

    Even my just slightly unhappy friends are turning to the toothy smile of Joel Olsteen.

    After the surport of Reagan, Bush and Bush these folks are not going to crawl back under their rocks. They’ll be with us for the rest of our lives. The halciyon days of the ‘silent’ majority are over.

    I thought I could ‘retire’. But I believe that many of us will feel compelled to deal with the aftermath of the hyper religous and this militaristic administration.

    Not to mention having to stay vigilant with the weak sell out tendicies of our own party.

  • Diana West of the Washington Times has written a book called, “The Death Of the Grownup.” Well, is not Hillary saying (as so many other Goldwater Girls) _someone_ has to be the grownup! I saw this Diana West on C-span garbed and coiffed Victorian-style suggestive of Oscar Wilde. I take that as a threat. In the Age of Abu Ghraib and Amadou Diallo, the words ‘up yours” must be taken literally.

    The Clitons commanded no loyalty within the Executive Branch and led the party to heavy legislative defeats.

    Saturday Night Live still thinks it’s funny there are no WMD in Iraq. SNL thinks it would be funny if Obama cursed and panicked and called Hillary for help. What’s she gonna say ‘cept mudtypes are dangerous and can never be trusted, at home or abroad.

    Israel got nukes from US sources, does that make you feel safer? The neutron bomb was provided to Israel so the oil fields won’t get hot if they launch.

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